量词有哪些

1How Much Do You Know about Quantifiers?

For VOA Learning English, this is Everyday Grammar.
欢迎收听VOA慢速英语《日常语法》节目。
Today we are going to talk about different ways of expressing quantity in English.
今天我们探讨英文中表达数量的不同方法。
A quantifier is a word or number that shows an amount or number. You probably already know how to use common quantifiers like much and many.
量词是表示数量的单词或数字。也许你已经知道如何使用much、many这种常见的量词。
For example:How many apples would you like?
例如：你想要多少苹果？
How much fruit would you like?
你想要多少水果？
The quantifier many is used before apples, which is a count noun. Much is used before fruit, a noncount noun.
量词many用于可数名词apples前。Much用于不可数名词fruit前。
Make sure you understand the difference between count nouns and noncount nouns before you study quantifiers. You can learn about count and noncount nouns in last week’s episode of Everyday Grammar.
在学习量词前，你要确保已经了解了可数名词和不可数名词的区别。在上周的《日常语法》中我们已经介绍了可数名词和不可数名词的用法。
Quantifiers are adjectives and adjective phrases that go before nouns. They give information about how much or how many of an item you are talking about. Some quantifiers, like many, go only before count nouns. Others, like much, go only before noncount nouns. And a few quantifiers can go before count or noncount nouns.
量词是放在名词前修饰名词的形容词或形容词短语。量词显示了你所谈论事物的数量。一些量词只能放在可数名词前，如many。而另一些量词，如much，只能修饰不可数名词。一些量词既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
One, each and every are examples of count noun quantifiers.
One, each 和 every都是修饰可数名词的量词。
Here are some examples:
例句如下：
One movie that I enjoy is "The Godfather."
我喜欢的一部电影叫《教父》。
Each child is special.
每一个孩子都是特别的。
Every member of the country club is rich.
这个城郊俱乐部的每一个人都很富有。
With plural count nouns, just add of the between the quantifier and the noun it describes.
修饰复数名词时，在量词和其修饰的名词间加of。
One of the boys is from China.
其中一个男孩来自中国。
Each of the cars has air conditioning.
每一辆车都装有空调。
Every one of the students is smart.
每一个学生都很聪明。
Notice that boys, cars and students are plural nouns. But the verbs that follow them are singular. In most situations, one, each and every make the subject singular, even if the subject contains a plural noun.
要注意到boys，cars和students都是复数名词。但是后面的动词用单数形式。在大多数情况下，one, each和every使得主语变成单数，即便主语包含复数名词。
This tricky rule confuses native speakers and English learners alike.
这种小规则让说母语的人士和英语学习者都很迷惑。
There are a few quantifiers related to the number two. You can say I have two shoes, I have a couple of shoes, I have both shoes, and I have a pair of shoes.
还有一些量词表示两个。你可以说我有两只鞋/我有一双鞋/我有两只鞋/我有一双鞋。
If you have more than two countable items, you can use several, a few, many and a number of.
如果有两个以上可数的物品，你可以使用several（几个）, a few（一些）, many（许多） 和a number of（很多）。
I have several assignments due this week.
这周我有几个任务要完成。
There are a few Thai restaurants in my town.
在我生活的小镇上有一些泰国餐厅。
There are many ways to practice English.
练习英语有很多方法。
A number of the cars are imported.
很多车都是进口的。
Now let’s move on to quantifiers that only work with noncount nouns: a little, much and a great deal of.
现在我们来看看有哪些量词只能修饰不可数名词，如：a little（一点儿）, much（很多） 和a great deal of（许多）。
Here are some examples:Could you loan me a little money?
例句如下：你可以借我点钱吗？
The old woman has much wisdom to share.
这个老妇人有很多智慧可以分享。
There is a great deal of oil in Saudi Arabia.
沙特阿拉伯有很多石油。
Little can go before a count noun if it is used as an adjective. For example, "The little boy is playing." In this example, little does not refer to a number or quantity; it refers to the size of the boy.
Little作形容词时，可以放在可数名词前。例如，“这个小男孩在玩。”这个句子中，little并不指数字或数量。它指的是男孩的大小。
There are several "safe" quantifiers that can go with both count and noncount nouns. Some is the most popular. Most, plenty of, all and any are other options. Listen for the quantifiers in these examples:
还有几个相对“保险”的量词，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。Some是最常用的一个。Most, plenty of, all 和 any也是如此。听听下面几个例句中的量词。
He cut some wood. (noncount noun)
他砍了一些木头。（不可数名词）
Most Americans speak English. (count noun)
大多数美国人都说英语。（可数名词）
I have plenty of money. (noncount noun)
我有很多钱。（不可数名词）
All children are special. (count noun)
所有的孩子都很特别。（可数名词）
Do you have any coffee? (noncount noun)
你要喝点咖啡吗？（不可数名词）
To refer to the absence or lack of something, simply use no before a count or noncount noun.
若想指缺少某物，在可数名词或不可数名词前加no即可。
There was no rice left. (noncount noun)
没有剩下的米了。（不可数名词）
There were no books in the library. (count noun)
图书馆里没有书。（可数名词）
She had no love for her ex-husband. (noncount noun)
她不爱她的前夫。（不可数名词）
No, when used as a quantifier, has the same meaning as zero.
No作为量词使用时，与zero的意思相同。
Lots and a lot of are very popular quantifiers — maybe too popular. Some English teachers do not like them. They think that lots and a lot of are overused and unsophisticated. You should avoid lots and a lot of in formal writing. Native speakers usually shorten a lot of to "a lotta" in casual speech.
Lots和a lot of也是很常见的量词，也许太过常见了。一些英语老师不喜欢这两个量词。他们认为lots 和 a lot of被滥用了，不多加考虑就随意使用。在正式的写作中最好避免使用lots 和 a lot of。以英语为母语的人喜欢在非正式演讲中将a lot of简读为“a lotta”。
Listen carefully to these two sentences:
仔细听这两个句子：
I have a few friends.
我有一些朋友。
I have few friends.
我几乎没有朋友。
What is the difference? The first sentence contains the article a. This little word makes a big difference in meaning.
这两个句子有什么区别呢？第一个句子中多了一个冠词a。这么小一个词使得两个句子截然不同。
I have a few friends focuses on a positive idea. The speaker is satisfied with the number of friends he has. The second sentence, I have few friends, focuses on a negative idea, his lack of friends. The speaker wishes he had more friends.
“I have a few friends”这句话是肯定积极的意味。说话者很满意他有很多朋友。第二句，“I have few friends”强调的是消极的观点，他缺少朋友。说话者希望能有更多的朋友。
It might help to think of few as a half-empty glass of water. A few is like a half-filled glass of water. The amount of water is the same. But the speaker’s attitude about the amount of water is different. Few and a few are only used before count nouns.
可以将few比作空着的半杯水。A few 是满着的半杯水。水的总量都是相同的。但是说话者对水的总量的看法是不同的。Few 和a few只用于可数名词前。
The same positive-negative distinction applies to a little and little. Use little and a little before noncount nouns.
这种以态度的积极或消极来区分的量词还有a little 和 little。little 和a little用于不可数名词前。
I have a little money means the speaker has some money.
I have a little money是指说话者有一些钱。
I have little money means the speaker does not have enough money.
I have little money指说话者没有足够的钱。
Speaking of little, we have little time left for today’s program. We hope you learned a few tips about how to use quantifiers.
提到little，我们节目的时间也不多了。希望今天你能学到如何使用量词。
I’m Jill Robbins, And I’m John Russell.
Jill Robbins和 John Russell为您报道。

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